What's new in hormone replacement therapy: focus on transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone.

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: the value of transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone.

Most available postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies (HRT) offer similar efficacy, but differ with respect to the cardiovascular risks associated with their use. There is a wealth of evidence to suggest that, unlike oral estrogens, transdermal estradiol does not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, probably due to its lack of effect on the coagulation cascade, including thrombin ...

Hormone Replacement Therapy, Ultra-low-dose Therapy, Transdermal Estradiol, Micronized Progesterone, Local Delivery Systems, Androgens, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Selective Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors Trends in Hrt Usage and Development

Micronized Versus Nanoparticles in Transdermal Hormone Replacement Therapy: Effects on Blood Pressure and Inflammatory Parameters in Brazilian Postmenopausal Women

Purpose: To assess the effects of micronized (MIC) and nanoparticulate (NANO) transdermal hormone therapy (THT) on blood pressure, fasting insulin and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) in postmenopausal women. Methods: In this open label study, 27 postmenopausal women, with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease, were randomly divided in two groups. During 12 weeks, fifteen patie...

Short-term oral progesterone administration antagonizes the effect of transdermal estradiol on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in young healthy women.

Very few studies have explored the cardiovascular effects of progesterone in premenopausal women. This study aimed to examine the short-term effects of oral progesterone alone, transdermal estrogen alone, and progesterone and estrogen combined on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy reproductive-aged women. We suppressed endogenous estrogens and progesterone in 17 premenopausal women for 10-...

Menopausal hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the most effective method of treating vasomotor symptoms and other climacteric symptoms related to estrogen deficiency in peri- and postmenopausal period. In addition to estrogen replacement, women with preserved uterus require the addition of progestagen in order to ensure endometrial safety. One of rare but severe complications of MHT is venous thromboembol...